The 50th anniversary of the Carnation Revolution, which marked the end of Europe’s longest dictatorship in 1974, was celebrated with great enthusiasm and pride in Portugal. The celebrations began in the early hours of Thursday morning, with fireworks shows organized in various districts of Lisbon. This momentous occasion served as a reminder of the half-century of democracy that followed the fall of the oppressive regime.
A Commemorative Military Ceremony
The morning of the anniversary saw a significant military ceremony held at the Terreiro do Paço, attended by the three branches of the armed forces and political institutions. President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa presided over the military parade, which featured more than 1,000 soldiers. A poignant symbol of the April Revolution, hundreds of Portuguese citizens participated in the ceremony, holding carnations in their hands.
Reenacting the Operation that Ended the Dictatorial Regime
Following the ceremony at the Terreiro do Paço, the celebrations continued with a display of over 20 armored vehicles, replicating the operation that marked the end of the dictatorial regime. The tanks embarked on a journey from the trading center to the Carmo Barracks, retracing the steps of the peaceful coup led by Salgueiro Maia and his fellow soldiers. Some of the vehicles showcased during the display were the very ones that played a significant role in the historic events of the revolution.
The solemn session of the Assembly of the Republic commenced after the ceremony in the Praça do Comércio. The session began with a debate among leaders of different political parties, followed by a speech delivered by President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa. In his address, he emphasized the significance of April 25, stating that it marked the end of a five-century empire, a 48-year dictatorship, and the beginning of economic and political integration within the European Union.
Contemplating Colonial Reparations
During the celebrations, President Rebelo de Sousa met with counterparts from African countries that gained independence after the revolution, including Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and PrÃncipe. However, it was his mention of possible colonial reparations that sparked controversy and debate.
The idea of colonial reparations raised by the Portuguese president surprised many and was met with immediate criticism from the new right-wing government. A government source quoted by the weekly Expresso described the topic as “toxic” and “inappropriate.” However, during the formal session in parliament, President Rebelo de Sousa refrained from commenting on the issue.
Among the critics, the leader of the extreme right, André Ventura, accused President Rebelo de Sousa of betraying the Portuguese people and vehemently opposed the notion of paying reparations. He proudly proclaimed his pride in the history of the country, questioning the need to compensate former colonies.
Reflecting on the Past and Embracing the Future
The 50th anniversary of the Carnation Revolution and the celebrations of democracy in Portugal occurred at a time when the rise of the extreme right, represented by Chega, has become a notable presence. The juxtaposition of these events offers an opportunity for reflection on the progress made over the past five decades and the challenges that lie ahead.
While the question of colonial reparations remains contentious, it serves as a reminder of the complex legacy left by Portugal’s colonial past. As the country moves forward, it is crucial to address historical injustices with sensitivity and openness, fostering dialogue and understanding among all parties involved.
The celebrations of the Carnation Revolution not only commemorate a significant moment in Portuguese history but also serve as a reminder of the importance of democracy, unity, and the continuous pursuit of a more just and inclusive society.