Mexico is facing a severe water crisis, with droughts and poor management threatening the country’s water supply. The situation is complicated by a long-standing agreement with the US, the 1944 Water Treaty, which governs the sharing of water from the Rio Grande and Colorado rivers. This treaty has been in place for over 80 years, but climate change, population growth, and political tensions are putting it to the test.
The drought in the Colorado River has now lasted 23 years, reducing the available water. The current water crisis puts Mexico’s commitment to delivering 70% of its water debt to the US in doubt. Critics question whether Mexico has the capacity and reserves to meet this obligation while also supplying its population.
Consequences of Non-Compliance
Mexico’s president has stated that the country will fulfill its obligations under the treaty as far as possible, prioritizing the water supply for Mexicans. The situation is tense, with water levels in reservoirs continuing to drop and temperatures rising in the north. Former US President Trump warned of sanctions and tariffs if Mexico fails to comply, disregarding climate change as an excuse. The US is primarily concerned with Mexico’s adherence to the agreement. Simply relying on rainfall to resolve the issue is not a viable solution. Instead, Mexico must focus on modernizing its water management.
A comprehensive approach is needed to ensure a stable water supply. Key strategies include:
- investing in regenerative agriculture
- improving irrigation systems
- rehabilitating soil quality
- integrating solar energy into agricultural production to optimize water use
The Cutzamala system, which supplies a significant portion of Mexico City’s water, is now below 40% capacity. Climate change is making its effects known through longer and more cyclical droughts, further reducing surface water availability. Although rainfall can be intense, it is often not captured or utilized effectively. The water crisis in Mexico is not an isolated or temporary phenomenon; it is the result of decades of overexploitation. To secure a sustainable future, Mexico must look beyond short-term fixes. Essential steps include modernizing water infrastructure, particularly in agriculture.
Long-term education, stable public policies, and incentives for water-saving technologies in both homes and industries are pivotal to addressing the issue. The crisis underscores the need for a multifaceted response to ensure Mexico’s water security.