Tensions between Mexico and the US have been running high over Mexico’s failure to meet its water delivery obligations under the 1944 Water Treaty. The treaty requires Mexico to deliver 2.159 billion cubic meters of water to the US every five years from the Rio Grande. In return, the US must deliver 1.85 billion cubic meters of water annually from the Colorado River.
Drought Strains Mexico’s Ability to Meet Treaty Obligations
Mexico’s severe drought has made it challenging for the country to fulfill its treaty obligations. The nation’s water reserves are critically low, putting a strain on its ability to deliver the required amount of water to the US. The situation is particularly dire in the northern states, which share a border with the US.
The drought has affected 11 states in Mexico, including Baja California, Mexico City, Sonora, and Chihuahua. Experts warn that by 2050, more than half of Mexico’s territory will face water shortages. The overexploitation of water resources, prolonged drought, and climate change have exacerbated the crisis. A massive investment of 122.6 billion pesos is planned to ensure access to water in the country, but it may take time to materialize.
Mexico Commits to Delivering Water to the US
After weeks of tense negotiations, Mexico’s President Sheinbaum has committed to transferring water to the US to settle the debt. Recent rainfall in Tamaulipas has helped alleviate the situation, reducing the need to extract water from international dams. To meet the treaty’s requirements, Mexico plans to invoke a clause allowing it to extract water from states like Nuevo León and Tamaulipas. However, experts caution that this measure may harm agricultural and livestock production in regions already affected by the drought.
Mexico has promised to deliver 122,000 acre-feet of water immediately and an additional 81,000 acre-feet later, covering about 40% of the outstanding debt. The remaining amount will depend on future rainfall and the government’s management of its water resources. The agreement provides temporary relief, but the underlying water crisis persists. If Mexico fails to meet its obligations in the future, trade tensions with the US may escalate again.
Former US President Trump had threatened to impose sanctions on Mexico if it didn’t comply with the treaty, citing harm to Texas farmers due to the water debt. The situation highlights the delicate balance between Mexico’s water needs and its international obligations. The country’s ability to manage its water resources will be crucial in maintaining a stable relationship with the US.