The latest versions of the Bundeswehr combat tank are the Leopard 2 A7A1 and A8. These models feature a distance-active hardkill system trophy, a key distinction from previous Leopard 2 generations. However, a new battle tank is expected to be introduced after 2045 as part of the German-French armored project Main Ground Combat System (MGCS).
Transition Solution
Until the MGCS is introduced, a transition solution will be implemented, which will differ significantly from the previous Leopard 2 models. This new tank is being referred to as the Leopard 3, although the Federal Ministry of Defense has not officially confirmed this name. Alternatively, it may be referred to as the Leopard 2 AX or a “bridge solution.”
The key data for this new fighting tank has been determined, with the Bundeswehr commissioning KNDS Germany, Rheinmetall, and Hensoldt to develop several studies. These studies are expected to be completed by the end of 2026, with the introduction of the new tank anticipated in the 2030s.
New Features
The Leopard 3 will feature a completely new cannon, with a caliber of 130 mm, replacing the 120 mm cannon used in previous Leopard 2 models. This new cannon will offer significantly higher penetration and will be paired with the development of new ammunition, including force ammunition and multi-purpose/explosive ammunition.
The new ammunition will weigh around 30 kilograms, requiring an automatic loading system. This will make the Leopard 3 the first Leopard tank with automatic loading, and it will have a crew of only three. The tower of the Leopard 3 will be completely redesigned, likely smaller than that of the Leopard 2, resulting in a lower silhouette.
The Leopard 3 will also feature an automatic field adjustment system, which will automatically correct for precision-reducing thermal influences on the weapon tube. Additionally, the tank will have new protection systems, including sensors that recognize approaching projectiles and enemy lasers and infrared scanners.
A new engine block, developed under the name Olympus, will also be introduced, providing a powerful combustion engine. The engine block will be compact and can be replaced as a whole, with Liebherr allegedly delivering the engine, transmission, circuit, cooling, and exhaust system.
The Leopard 3 represents a significant upgrade to the Leopard 2, with its new cannon, automatic loading system, and advanced protection systems. Its introduction in the 2030s will provide the Bundeswehr with a highly advanced combat tank, bridging the gap until the introduction of the MGCS after 2045.